Greenland. 986-1482 Scandinavian. colony. 1721 Denmark. 1979 Home rule.

Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Gregory XI. 1329-78. Pope 1370-. Moved Papacy back to Rome from Avignon.

Grenville, George. 1712-70. British Prime Minister 1763-65. Revenue Act. Stamp Act.

Grenville, William. 1759-1834. British statesman. Ministry of All Talents 1806-7. Abolished Slave Trade, 1807.

Gretna Green. 1754-1940. Scottish border village popular for runaway marriages.

Griffiths, D.W. 1875-1948. US filmmaker. First visual effects. Birth of a Nation 1915.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Gueux. 1566-76. Dutch Calvinist rebels vs Spanish rule.

Guevara, Che. 1928-67. Argentine revolutionary in Cuba, Bolivia. Revolution must precede communism.

Gurney, Goldsworthy. 1793-1875. British Steam-auto passenger service.

Gustav I. Vasa. 1496-1560. Elected Swedish king 1523-. Defeated Danes, dissolved Kalmar Union.

Gustav IV. Adolf. 1778-1837. Swedish king 1792-1809. Lost Finland. Overthrown.

Haakon VII. 1872-1957. King of Norway after separation from Sweden, 1905. In exile 1940-45.

Halevi, Judah of Toledo. Judah ha-Levi.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1881-1959. English statesman. Viceroy of India 1925-31, Foreign Secretary 1938-40.

Hampton Court Conference. 1604. James I authorizes bible translation. 300 Puritans ejected from office, a cause of Civil War.

Han Wu Ti. 156-87BC. Chinese Emperor 140-. Confucianism as state religion. Exam system for civil service used to 20C.

Hanover, Treaty. 1725. England, France, Prussia oppose Vienna Treaty.

Hardy, Thomas. 1840-1928. English novelist: Far from the Madding Crowd 1874; Mayor of Casterbridge 1886; Jude the Obscure 1896. Man as victim of fate. -“the worth encompassed by the inevitable”.

Harrison, Frederic. 1831-1923. English Positivist: Philosophy of Common Sense 1907.

Haushofer, Karl. 1869-1946. German adviser to Hitler.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Heidelberg Catechism. 1563. Calvinist confession used by Reformed churches.

Helsinki Group. 1976. Soviet dissidents who monitor human rights aspect of Helsinki Accord. Orlov. Shscharansky.

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