Idealism. Artistic school of thought holding the aesthetic ideal more important than the representation of the subject. vs Realism.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

John Baptist de la Salle, St. 1651-1789. French priest. Founded Reims school.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Kano School. 15-17C. Family. 7 generations of influential Japanese painters. Moral symbolism.

Liberalism, Economic. 19C. Striving for personal profits and liberty. Manchester School. Cobden.

Lyceum. c335BC. Athenian school founded by Aristotle, called ’Peripatetics’.

Manchester School. 19C British free-trade movement. Cobden.

Megarian. 4C BC. School of philosophy founded by Eucleides. Good is a single quality by many names.

Molière, Jean-Baptiste. 1622-73. French comedy actor, playwright. School for Wives 1662. Tartuffe 1664. Don Juan 1665. Misanthrope. Died in role of Malade Imaginaire.

Moscow School. 14-16C Icon painting. Curving planes, subtle colors.

Motherwell, Robert. 1915-91. US Abstract Expressionist painter. Created New York school. Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1949-59.

Nagarjuna. c150-250. Indian Buddhist. Founded Madhyamika school. Clarified concept of Emptiness.

Neapolitan. 17-18 C School of Music. Elegant, stylized opera, often weak in drama. Scarlatti.

Notre-Dame. 12-13C School of early polyphonic music. Léonin.

Novgorod School. 12-16C. Russian icon and mural painting.

Paris School. 1900-30. Bohemian golden age of arts in Montparnasse.

Parnassians. 1867-99. French detached anti-Romantic poetry school. Leconte de Lisle. Sully-Prudhomme. Verlaine. Gautier. Baudelaire.

Pisano, Nicola. 1220-84. Founded school of sculpture at Pisa. Influenced Renaissance. Pisa Baptistery pulpit 1255-60.

Pont-Aven. 1886-88. School of Synthesism led by Gauguin.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Pythagoras. c582-500BC. Greek philosopher: numbers are key to understanding the universe. Founded first school of higher learning at Crotona, Italy.

Raikes, Robert. 1736-1811. English Sunday School pioneer.

Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

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