Froebel, Friedrich. 1782-1852. German kindergarten 1841. Creativity, personal development, social adjustment.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

Furetière, Antoine. 1619-88. French satirist/lexicographer. Nouvelle Allégorique 1658. Universal Dictionary 1684.

Galuppi, Baldassare. 1706-85. Italian. Developed opera buffa.

Gaskell, Elizabeth. 1810-65. Social novelist. Mary Barton 1848.

Gluck, Christoph. 1714-87. Bohemian composer: Orpheus 1762. Developed opera as drama with music.

Golding, William. 1911-93. English morality novelist. Lord of the Flies 1954.

Goncourt, Edmond. 1822-96. French novelist. Renée Mauperin. Created Goncourt literature prize.

Gravelines, Battle. 1558. Spanish defeat French.

Graves, Robert. 1895-1985. English poet and novelist. I, Claudius 1934.

Green Revolution. 20C. Increased food production in developing countries based on new plant breeds. Borlaug.

Gregory I, St. Benedictine Pope 590-604. Developed Plainsong, Gregorian chant. Sent Augustine to Canterbury.

Hardy, Thomas. 1840-1928. English novelist: Far from the Madding Crowd 1874; Mayor of Casterbridge 1886; Jude the Obscure 1896. Man as victim of fate. -“the worth encompassed by the inevitable”.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Huxley, Aldous. 1894-1963. English philosophical novelist: Brave New World 1932.

Ibn al’Arabi. 1165-1240. Spanish Moslem mystical philosopher. Meccan Revelation 1201.

Ibn Battutah. 1304-68. Morrocan travel writer. Travels 1325-53.

Irving, Washington. 1783-1859. US writer. Rip van Winkle. Legend of Sleepy Hollow 1819. Tales of a Traveller 1824. Inventor of short story.

Isherwood, Christopher. 1904-86. English novelist/playwright. Goodbye to Berlin 1939.

James, Henry. 1843-1916. US psychological novelist. American 1877. Washington Square 1881. Turn of the Screw 1898. Compared innocence of New World with corruption of Old.-“It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature”.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jaurès, Jean. 1859-1914. French socialist leader. L’Armée nouvelle 1910.

Jerome, Jerome K. 1859-1927. English novelist: Three Men in a Boat.

John, St. The Evangelist. -c100. Apostle of Christ. Wrote 4th Gospel, Revelations.

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