Orwell, George. 1903-50. English satirical novelist and social critic: Animal Farm 1945, 1984 1948.

Owen, Daniel. 1836-95. Welsh novelist.

Pachero, Francisco. 1564-1654. Spanish writer, artist. Arte de la pintura 1649. Taught Velazquez, Cano.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Pausanius. c143-76. Lydian traveller, guidebook writer. Descriptions of Greece.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Pérez, Galdós. 1843-1920. Spanish writer of 46 historical novels. Episodios Nacionales.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Piaget, Jean. 1896-1980. Swiss psychologist. Child development in four stages: sensorimotor, symbolic, concrete, logical.

Polo, Marco. c1254-1324. Venetian traveller to China 1275-92.Travels of Marco Polo 1298.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Quantum Theory. Energy levels are discontinuous. Foundation of modern physics. Planck 1900. Bohr.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Radcliffe, Ann. 1764-1823. English Gothic novelist. Mysteries of Udolpho 1794.

Raman, C.V. 1888-1970. Indian physicist. Raman effect: wavelength shift of deflected light.

Ramuz, Charles. 1878-1947. Swiss novelist: Terror on the Mountain 1925. Beauty on Earth 1927. Soldier’s Tale.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Ravel, Maurice. 1875-1937. French Impressionist composer. Adopted new forms such as jazz and atonality. Boléro 1928.

Reich, First. Term applied retroactively to HRE by Bruck.

Richardson, Dorothy. 1873-1957. English stream of consciousness novelist. Pilgrimage 1915-38.

Richardson, Samuel. 1689-1761. English novelist using personal letters. Influenced novel form: Pamela 1740 Clarissa 1747 (at 1M words, the longest English novel).

Richler, Mordecai. 1931-2001. Canadian novelist of human dilemmas. Duddy Kravitz 1959.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. 1884-1962. US beloved First Lady. UN delegate 1945-61.

Roosevelt, Franklin. 1882-1945. US president 1933-45. New Deal 1933-. Pacifist until Pearl Harbor. Four Freedoms.

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