Isidore of Seville, St. 560-636. Spanish bishop, encyclopedist. Etymologiae. De Natura Rerum.

Isis. Egyptian deity of the moon, nature and fertility. Sister of Osiris.

Italo-Turkish War. 1911-12. Italy gains Libya and Rhodes. 1911 First offensive use of airplane (vs Libya).

Iturbide, Augustin de. 1783-1824. Emperor of Mexico 1822-3. Led Mexican independence movement. Exiled.

Ixion. Father of Centaurs. Bound to fiery wheel by Zeus.

Jabir Ibn Hayyan. c721-815. Arab alchemist. Mercury+sulphur=gold. 2,000 works.

Jack the Ripper. Murderer of 7 London prostitutes 1887-8. Identity unknown.

Jacobean Architecture. 1600-1625. English Tudor style refined, restrained and harmonized. U and H plans. Jones.

Jacquemart de Hesdin. Court painter: Grandes Heures du Duc de Berry 1409.

Jahn, Friedrich. 1778-1852. German “father of gymnastics”. Turnverein.

James, Henry. 1843-1916. US psychological novelist. American 1877. Washington Square 1881. Turn of the Screw 1898. Compared innocence of New World with corruption of Old.-“It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature”.

James III. 1452-88. King of Scotland 1460-. Killed by rebels at Sauchieburn.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Jansenism. 1640-1730. Sought return to severity of Augustine. Opposed Jesuits. Gallicanism. Arnauld. Suppressed by Louis XIV. Pascal. Quesnel.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jassy, Treaty. 1792. Ends Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Crimea.

Jaurès, Jean. 1859-1914. French socialist leader. L’Armée nouvelle 1910.

Jefferson, Thomas. 1743-1826. US President 1801-9. Drafted Declaration of Independence. Louisiana Purchase.

Jemmapes, Battle. 1792. Dumouriez defeats Austrians. French occupy Belgium.

Jennings, Sarah. 1660-1744. Influential Duchess of Marlborough in court of Queen Anne.

Jericho, Battle. ~1300BC. Israelis under Joshua capture city.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Jesus. c6BC-c30. Jewish prophet, believed by Christians to be the Messiah, son of God. Crucified. Resurrected. Life and death were inspiration for Christianity.

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