York Cathedral. 625 Original. 1070-1472 Current.

Yorktown, Siege. 1781. British surrender to American and French forces. American Revolution.

Young Europe. 1834- Conspired to create democratic league of nations by assassination/demonstration.

Young Turk Movement. 1908. Overthrew Hamid II.

Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1903-87. French writer; First woman in Académie Française.

Ypsilanti, Constantine. 1760-1816. Greek governor of Moldavia. Encouraged Serbs to revolt.

Zadar. Dalmatia. 9C BC Liburnian colony. 1C BC Rome...Byzantine. 1409 Venice. 1797 Austria. 1808 France, «Illyrian Kingdom. 1813 Austria. 1918 Italy. 1944 Yugoslavia.

Zanzibar. 1499 Portugal explores. 1698 Muscat +Oman. 18-19C Slave source. 1861 Independent sultanate. 1890 British protectorate. 1963 Independent. 1964 +Tanganyika = Tanzania.

Zara, Siege. 1202. Fourth Crusaders aid Venice attack rebelling Zadar.

Zeebrugge, Raid. 1918. Allied attempt to block harbour, trapping German submarines, warships.

Zeno of Citium. c335-263BC. Greek founder of Stoicism. Early anarchist: “Compulsion perverts the nature of man”.

Zenta, Battle. 1697. Austria defeats Turks, becomes greatest power in Europe.

Zeppelin, Ferdinand von. 1838-1917. German constructor of dirigibles 1900-. 1928 Graf Zeppelin around world. Transatlantic service 1928-37. Hindenburg.

Zhdanov, Andrei. 1896-1948. Russian Politburo member. Created Cominform. Restricted Soviet cultural activities.

Ziggurat. 2200-500BC. Mesopotamian stepped pyramids.

Zinoviev, Grigori. 1883-1936. Russian triumvir with Stalin, Kamenev 1919-26. Executed in Purge. COMINTERN chairman 1919-.

Zinoviev Letter. 1924. From COMINTERN to London advising worker revolution. Labour defeated.

Zinzendorf, Nikolaus. 1700-60. German Pietist. Founded Moravian church.

Zionism. 1882-1947. Aspirations of a Jewish nation in Israel. Balfour Declaration. Herzl.

Zoë. 978-1050. Byzantine Empress 1028-. Married and murdered Romanus III. Crowned lover Michael IV and son Michael V. Married Constantine IX.

Zola, Emile. 1840-1902. French “scientific” novelist: Nana 1880. Dreyfus supporter. Realist. Founded Naturalist Movement. Thérèse Raquin 1867. J’accuse 1898.

Zurbaran, Francisco de. 1598-1664. Spanish religious Baroque tenebrist painter. Monk 1630.

Zwingli, Huldrych. 1484-1531. Swiss humanist and religious reformer. Zurich Reformation 1522. Urged priests to marry. Attacked Roman mass and worship of images. Swiss Evangelical Church. Killed in Kappel Wars.