Newspapers.1566 Venice (first). 1594 Mercurius Gallobelgious England. 1621 Batter England. 1662 First censorship. 1690 Boston. 1702 Daily Courant, first daily.

Nicaea. 4C BC Greco-Turkish city. Now Izmik.

Nicephorus II Phocas. 912-69. Byzantine Emperor 963-. Resurgence of Byzantine power.

Nicholas II. 1868-1918. Last Russian Czar 1894-. Russo-Japanese War 1904. 1905 Revolution. Duma. Shot during 1917 revolution.

Nicodemus. Jewish elder. Helped bury Jesus.

Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Night of the Long Knives. 1934. Hitler’s SS murder 77+ Nazi opponents and others.

Nightingale, Florence. 1820-1910. English pioneer of nursing in Crimean War. “The lady with the lamp.”

Nikolsburg, Treaty. 1621. Austria regained Hungarian crown, Transylvania enlarged.

Nimitz, Chester. 1885-1966. US Admiral of Pacific Fleet, WWII. Received Japanese surrender on Missouri.

Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

Nivelle, Jean. 1422-77. Son of John II who refused to march against Burgundy.

Noah. Biblical figure. Survived flood in ark.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Nonjurors. 1689. Clergy refusing to take oath of Allegiance to William and Mary.

Nordic Council. 1953-. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 1955 +Finland. Promotes cultural unity, reciprocal rights.

Normandy Invasion. 1944. Eisenhower’s D-Day assault of Allies on German-occupied France. WWII turning point.

Norns. Norse goddesses of Past, Present, Future.

North, Frederick. 1732-92. English Prime Minister during American Revolution.

Northern Expedition. 1926-8. Kuomintang unify China, purge Communists.

Northwest Passage. Attempts 1497- to find a sea route around Canada to Asia. Amundsen succeeded 1903-6. McClure 1853.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

November Insurrection. 1830-1. Polish fail to overthrow Russian domination.

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