U Thant. 1909-74. Burmese United Nations Secretary General 1961-7.

Utrecht, Union of. 1579. United Provinces alliance created vs Spanish rule in Netherlands.

Valdemar IV. Atterdag. 1320-75. Danish king 1340-. Re-united Denmark. Opposed Hanseatic League. Sold Estonia to Teutonic Knights.

Victor-Emmanuel II. 1820-78. First king of united Italy, 1861-. Peace of Milan, 1848. Cavour.

Victoria. 1819-1901. Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 1837-. Empress of India 1876-. Colonial expansion. Strict moralist. Lost Hanover Crown by Salic Law.

Wales. Celts. 55BC Rome. 7C +England. 8C Divided. 9C Re-united. 11C Norman. 1284 English suzerainty. 1536 Union with England.

World Bank. 1944. United Nations agency established at Bretton Woods.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

Aetolian League. 4-2C BC. Confederation of Greek city states, led by Thebes.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arai Hakuseki. 1657-1725. Japanese Confucian philosopher, statesman, historian.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Baltic Wars of Liberation. 1918-20. Established independent states of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Baruch, Bernard. 1870-1965. US financier/elder statesman; adviser to US presidents, Churchill.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Borgia, Cesare. 1476-1507. Ruthless Italian Machiavellian statesman. Son of Pope Alexander VI.

Bourgeois, Léon. 1851-1925. French statesman. League of Nations.

Brown, George. 1818-80. Scottish/Canadian statesman. Founded Toronto Globe 1844.

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Chaeronea, Battle. 338BC. Philip of Macedon defeats Greek city-states.

Chamberlain, Austen. 1863-1937. British Statesman. Locarno Pact.

Chamberlain, Neville. 1869-1940. English statesman, Prime Minister, 1937-40. Appeasement Policy towards Hitler. Munich Agreement.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Cincinnatus. 5C BC. Roman hero and statesman.

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