Burundi. Ruanda Urundi. 1962 Independent kingdom. 1966 Republic.

Capua. (Modern). Founded 856. «Kingdom of Naples.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Cisalpine Republic. 1797-1802. North Italy, created by Napoleon. 1802 Italian Republic. 1805-15 Kingdom of Italy.

Congress Poland. 1815-64. Polish Kingdom created by Congress of Vienna. Ruled by Russian Czar.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Cush. Ancient kingdom in Sudan = Nubia = ancient Ethiopia.

Dahomey. 1610 Kingdom. Flourished 18-19C. Benin.

Deira. 6C. Anglian kingdom in Northumbria.

Dual Monarchy. 1867. Austrian Empire divided into Austrian, Hungarian kingdoms under one king. Ausgleich.

Dvaravati. 6-13C. Kingdom in Thailand. Indian culture.

East Anglia. 6C Anglo-Saxon kingdom. c870 Denmark. 917 England.

Ecuador. 1000 Quito Indian kingdom. 15C Inca. 1534 Spain. 1822 Independent «Gran Colombia. 1830 Republic. 1832 +Galapagos.

Edington, Battle. 878. King Alfred, Wessex only Anglo-Saxon kingdom to withstand Danes.

Einhard. c770-840. Frankish historian. Life of Charlemagne c830.

Elgar, Edward. 1857-1934. Choral composer. Established a new English tradition: Dream of Gerontius 1900, Apostles 1903, Kingdom 1906.

Empire of the West. 800-. State founded by Charlemagne, continued to 1806 as the Holy Roman Empire. Succeeded Roman Emperor of the West. Split Eastern kingdoms.

Essex. 6C Saxon kingdom. 860 «Wessex.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Franconia. 843-. Nucleus of E Frankish kingdom. Duke = First elected German king Conrad I.

Frankish Kingdom, East. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern Germany.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Franks. Germanic tribes invaded France, 3-5C. Clovis. Frankish.

Frederick II. 1194-1250. Holy Roman Emperor. 1220-. King of Sicily 1198-. King of Jerusalem 1229-. Patron of arts, education.

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