Francis I. 1708-65. Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-. Husband of Maria Theresa. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession.

Francis II. 1768-1835. Last HRE 1792-1806. Empire dissolved. Francis I of Austria 1804-.

Francis Joseph I. 1830-1916. Austrian Empire. 1848-. King of Hungary 1867-. Bismarck. Triple Alliance. Dual Monarchy.

Frankish Kingdom, East. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern Germany.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Frederick II. 1194-1250. Holy Roman Emperor. 1220-. King of Sicily 1198-. King of Jerusalem 1229-. Patron of arts, education.

Funan Empire. 1-6C. Cambodia. Khmer.

Galba. Roman Emperor 68-69.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Genghis Khan. c1160-1227. Founder of the Mongol Empire. Black Sea to Pacific.

Genoa. Ligurian. 3C BC Rome...Byzantine. 641 Lombard. 12C Republic. 13C Empire. 14-15C Decline. 1797 France 1814 «Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Ghazan, Mahmud. 1271-1304. Mongol Persian ruler 1295-. Made Islam state religion.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Gibbon, Edward. 1737-94. English historian. Decline and Fall of Roman Empire 1776-88.

Golden Bull. 1356. Charles IV edict eliminating papal power in selection of Holy Roman Emperor.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Granada. 745-1492 Moors. Last Moslem kingdom in Spain. Alhambra.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Greek Fire. 648. Byzantine secret weapon. Flammable substance that ignited on contact with water invented by Callinicus of Heliopolis.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Guatemala. Maya. 1523 Spain. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1839 Independent. Many Mayan revolts. 1954 CIA led coup. Military Dictatorship. 1980-96 Genocide. 1996 Peace.

Halepa, Pact. 1878. Turks grant self-government to Cretan Greeks.

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