WFTU. Communist World Federation of Trade Unions. Formed 1945 from IFTU. 1949 Non-Communist ICFTU split off. 2002 vs globalization, privatization.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union. 1874. US movement vs alcoholic drink.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

ZANU. Zimbabwe African National Union. 1963-. Founded by Mugabe vs white minority rule. 1987 +ZAPU.

ZAPU. Patriotic Front. Zimbabwe African People’s Union. 1961-. Founded by Nkomo vs white minority rule in Rhodesia. 1987 Merged with ZANU.

Zhdanov, Andrei. 1896-1948. Russian Politburo member. Created Cominform. Restricted Soviet cultural activities.

Zollverein. 1818-71. German economic agreements led by Prussia...German Customs Union 1834. First steps toward union.

Andropov, Yuri. 1914-84. Soviet chief of state, 1984: advocated efficiency.

Anglo-Soviet Agreement. 1941. 20 year pledge against Nazi Germany and Axis powers.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Dubcek, Alexander. 1921-92. Czech First Secretary, 1968-9. Attempted reforms led to Soviet Invasion.

Ehrenburg, Ilia. 1891-1967. Soviet writer.

Gagarin, Yuri. 1934-68. Soviet cosmonaut, first man in space, 1961.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Katyn Affair. 1940 massacre of Polish officers by Russian troops discovered 1943. Denied, blamed on Nazis. Ignored by Allies. Soviets admit responsibility, 1992.

Kiangsi Soviet. 1931-4. Chinese Communist Provincial government vs Nationalists under Mao. Long March.

Long March. 1934-5. 100,000 Chinese Communists march from Kiangsi, 6,000 miles to Shensi. Mao became leader. 50,000 die.

Mujahideen. 1978. Afghan guerilla militia. Supported by US vs Soviet occupation.

Nazi-Soviet Pact. German-Soviet Pact.

Philby, Kim. 1912-88. British/Soviet double agent 1933-51. Escaped to USSR 1963. My Secret War 1968.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

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