Truce of God. Peace of God. 1027-13C. Fighting on certain days is sacrilegious.

Tutu, Desmond. 1931-. South African Anglican Archbishop. Hope and Suffering 1982. .

United Nations. UN. 1945. Charter signed by 50 nations at San Francisco. To safeguard world peace and protect human rights. Most countries members now. 15 agencies for education, relief. Trusteeship .

Victor-Emmanuel II. 1820-78. First king of united Italy, 1861-. Peace of Milan, 1848. Cavour.

Vienna, Peace. 1606. Ended Hungarian rebellion vs Hapsburgs. Toleration for Protestants.

Vienna, Treaty. 1725. Spain, Austria pledge to aid Stuart restoration in England. 1738 Ends War of Polish Succession. 1809 =Schönbrunn Treaty. 1864 Denmark cedes Schleswig- Holstein to Prussia. 1866 Seven Weeks War. Austria cedes Venice to Italy.

Wagram, Battle. 1809. Napoleon defeats Austrian Archduke Charles. Znaim. Schönbrunn Treaty.

Walesa, Lech. 1943-. Polish Solidarity leader instrumental in forcing decline of Communist rule. President 1990-96.

Walpole, Robert. 1676-1745. English Whig. First Prime Minister 1721-42. Free trade and peace.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

Wilson, Woodrow. 1856-1924. US president 1913-21. Idealist. Advocated League of Nations. Prohibition. Women’s vote. Attempted to mediate WWI 1917.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Action Française. 1898-1945. French right wing political movement and newspaper.

Anglo-Catholicism. High Church movement in Church of England. Stresses link with Roman Catholic church. Oxford Movement.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Anti-Saloon League. 1893 US Temperance organization. Prohibition.

Aragon, Louis. 1897-1982. French Romantic poet + Communist.

Arminianism. 17C-. Christian movement. Free-will is compatible with God’s sovereignty.

Bakunin, Mikhail. 1814-76. Russian anarchist revolutionary. International movement. Advocated assassination. Dieu et l’état 1871.

Black Hundreds. 1905-9. Russian movement. Opposed revolution. Persecuted Jews-50,000 dead.

Black Muslims. 20C US movement to apply Islam to Black life. Malcolm X.

Black Nationalism. 1960-73. US political movement for economic power.

Bright, John. 1811-89. English Quaker MP: Free Trade Movement. Cobden. Anti-Corn Law.

Brown, Robert. 1773-1858. Scottish botanist: Brownian movement. Plant cell nucleus.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

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