Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tchaikovsky, Peter. 1840-93. Russian composer of operas and ballets with emotional appeal. Swan Lake 1877. Sleeping Beauty 1890. Nutcracker 1892.

Teapot Dome Scandal. 1922. Exclusive oil rights granted by Fall for personal “loans”. Discredited Harding administration.

Teleological Argument. God exists as master planner, because universe exhibits purpose. Duty derives from what is good as end to be achieved. Aristotle. Kant.

Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Tenzin Gyatso. 1935-. 14th Dalai Lama 1940-. In exile 1959-.

Terman, Lewis. 1877-1956. Introduced IQ tests to US school system.

Terrorism. Zealots. Cagoulards. Baader-Meinhof. Irish Republican Army. Hamas. PLO. Osama. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Test Act. 1673-1828. Banned Catholics and Non-conformists from English public office. 1567-1889 Scotland.

Tetzel, Johann. c1465-1519. German monk. Sold indulgences by threats causing Luther’s protests.

Teutoburg Forest, Battle. 9. Arminius halts Roman conquest of Germany.

Teutonic Knights. c1190-1809. Military Germanic order to treat wounded crusaders. 13-14C Empire over Prussia, Estonia, Latvia. Tannenberg.

Tewkesbury, Battle. 1471. Yorkists regain English throne for 12 years.

Thalidomide. 1958-62. German/British sedative with disastrous effects on embryo development. Led to drug regulatory agencies worldwide.

Thames, Battle. 1813. US defeats British, Indians.

Thapsus, Battle. 46BC. Caesar defeats Scipio and Pompey’s supporters in north Africa securing dictatorship.

Theater of the Absurd. 1950-70. Depicts human condition as meaningless. Beckett. Ionesco.

Theosophy. 1875- Revival of ancient mystical philosophy. Salvation through direct knowledge of God. Blavatsky. Besant.

Third Section. 1826-80. Nicholas I’s secret police, informants.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thirty Tyrants. 404-403BC. Ruled Athens after defeat by Sparta.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Thoth. Egyptian god of learning. Kept records of dead. Also messenger god = Hermes. Hermetic Texts.

Thrasybulus. -388BC. Refounded Athenian democracy 403BC after 30 Tyrants’ rule.

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