Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Manila Bay, Battle. 1898. US defeats Spain, wins Philippines.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Manorial System. (Seignorial). 11-15C. Lord grants peasant rights to till land for fixed payment.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Mantua, Siege. 1796-7. Napoleon defeats Austria to rule Italy.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Maoism. Revolutionary Communist ideology of Mao Tse-tung.

March on Washington. 1963. 200,000 in civil rights march led by King-“I have a dream”.

Marchfeld, Battle. 1278. Rudolf I defeats Bohemians.

Marengo, Battle. 1800. Napoleon defeats Austria, gains Lombardy.

Marggraf, Andreas. 1709-82. German. Sugar in beets, 1747.

Maritsa River, Battle. 1371. Ottomans defeat Serbs. Turkey expands in Balkans.

Marmousets. Advisers to French Charles V and VI.

Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marprelate Tracts. 1588-9. Anonymous seditious Puritan pamphlets for which Penry was executed.

Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martin V. 1368-1431. Pope 1417-. Election ended Great Schism.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Masaccio, Tomaso. 1401-28. Florentine fresco painter. Introduced Humanism-man vs God central theme, proportion, perspective. Baptism of Peasants 1427.

Masada. 66-73. Last Zealot stronghold vs Rome. 2 Year siege.

Mason-Dixon Line. 1763-7. MD-PA border named for its 2 surveyors. 1820- Separated slave/free states.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

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