Evolution. Theory that life evolves from earlier forms. Conflicts with Biblical version of creation. Darwinism.

Exodus. 13C BC. Jews escape Egyptian slavery. Moses. Ten Commandments.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Falklands War. 1982. Britain defeats Argentine invasion. Falklands remain British.

Falla, Manuel de. 1876-1946. Spanish composer influenced by folk music, Debussy. Nights in the Garden of Spain 1916.

Fenians. 1858. Secret US society of Irish emigrants seeking Irish autonomy. Raided Canada 1866,70,71.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fermi, Enrico. 1901-54. Italian/US atomic physicist. Transuranic elements.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Feudalism. 8-14C. Social system. Lord grants land rights (fiefs) to vassals in return for military or other service. Manorialism. Seignorialism.

Feuerbach, Ludwig. 1804-72. German philosopher. God is illusion. Immortality of man is only through works and offspring. Thoughts on Death 1830.

Feuillants. 1577- Cistercian order.

Feuillants Club. 1791. French moderate monarchists.

Fifth Column. 1936. Fascists within besieged Madrid who assisted Franco’s attackers. Term generally applied to subversives since.

Fifth Monarchy Men. 1645- English Puritan Millenialist anarchists. Venner led rebellions 1657,61.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Fingerprints. 8C Chinese used as signatures. 1870 Indian classification system. 1901 Galton-Henry System, Scotland Yard.

Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Firearms. 1247 used at Siege of Seville.1327 Edward III uses canon vs Scots. 1364 Perugia First handguns. 1640 Flintlock.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. 1896-1940. US Jazz age writer. This Side of Paradise 1920. Great Gatsby 1925.

Five Dynasties. 907-60. China between T’ang and Sung dynasties. Upheaval stimulated arts. Art to represent metaphysical truth.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Flagellants. 13C-. Christian sects who practise self-whipping as means of salvation.

FLN. 1954-62. Algerian National Liberation Front conducts war vs France.

Florentine. School of Painting. 1270 Academy of Fine Arts. Express humanist ideas through art. Realism and chiarascuro. DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.

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