Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Sino-French War. 1883-85. France wins control of Vietnam.

Sino-Japanese War. 1894-5. Over Korea. Shimonoseki Treaty.

Sino-Japanese War. 1937-45. Japanese invade China. WWII.

Siward. -1055. Danish earl of Northumbria. Helped Edward the Confessor. Defeated Macbeth.

Six Day War. 1967. Israel wins Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza, Old Jerusalem, West Bank. Opened Gulf of Aqaba.

Skanda. Hindu war god.

Smoot-Hawley Act. 1930-37. US tarrifs begin trade war, deepening Depression.

Soccer War. 1969. Honduras vs El Salvador. Triggered by football game and economic conditions.

Social War. 90-89BC. Tribal rebellion. Rome grants citizenship to all allies.

Somerset. 2nd duke. c1406-1455. English general. Lost English territory in France. Quarrel with Duke of York led to War of Roses.

Sonderbund. 1845-7. League of Catholic Swiss cantons defeated in civil war.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spanish American War. 1898. US supports Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Gains Cuba, Guam, Philippines for $20M, Puerto Rico. Roosevelt. Maine.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Spanish Civil War. 1936-9. Germany and Italy aid Fascist Franco’s revolt against the Republic, which surrenders after 1M die. International Brigades. A cause of WWII. Guernica.

Spanish Succession, War. 1701-14. Britain, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs Spain, France. Opposed French Philip V succession to Spanish throne creating power imbalance. Queen Anne’s War.

Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

Spartacus. -71BC. Leader of slaves revolt against Rome 73BC. Defeated and killed by Crassus. Servile War.

Speer, Albert. 1905-81. Architect, Nazi war production organizer.

Spurs, Battle. 1513. French retreat from British in War of Holy League.

St Albans. 1455. First battle of War of Roses. Henry VI captured by Yorks.

St-Germain, Treaty. 1570 French Wars of Religion. 1919 Created Republic of Austria.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

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