Maratha. 1674 Kingdom in India. 1761 Confederacy. 19C British.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Marcel, Gabriel. 1889-1973. French Existential philosopher. Experience more important than metaphysics.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Mendelssohn, Moses. 1729-86. German Jewish reform philosopher. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Mercantilism. 16-18C. Economic policy opposed to Adam Smith’s. Regulation of industry and trade. Large armies. Wealth of nation is its gold.

Mergenthaler, Ottmar. 1854-99. Linotype 1884.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Meyer, Lothair. 1830-95. Periodic structure 1870, indepently. Mendeleyev.

Minamoto Yoritomo. 1147-99. Founded Shogun system that ruled Japan to 19C.

Minnehaha. Legendary wife of Hiawatha.

Monotheism. Religious doctrine holding that there is only one God.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Namibia. Bushman. Nama, Dama. Ovambo, Herero. 1884 German protectorate. 1892 Colony = German South-West Africa. 1915 South Africa...League of Nations mandate. 1948 South Africa despite UN protest. 1990 Independent. SWAPO.

Natal. Bantu. 1497 DaGama discovers. 19C Zulu. 1838 Boer. 1843 British. 1910 South Africa.

Natural Rights. Inherent rights that cannot be taken away by a government.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Neo-Pythagoreanism. 1C mystic philosophy.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

North Africa Campaign. 1940-3. Montgomery, Alexander defeat Rommel’s Afrikan Korps.

Northampton, Battle. 1460. War of the Roses. York victory earns right to succeed Henry VI.

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