Henry II. 1519-59. French king 1547-. Repressed Protestants. Captured Calais 1558. Treaties of Chambord, Cateau-Cambrésis.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Isaac. Old Testament Patriarch. Abraham’s son from whom all Jews descend. Spared from sacrifice.

Jacob. Old Testament. 3rd patriarch of 12 tribes of Israel. Grandson of Abraham. Son of Isaac. God changed name to Israel.

Jeremiah. c650-570BC. Old Testament Hebrew prophet.

Jesuit Estates Act. 1888. Quebec awards restitution to Jesuits for British land appropriation 1773.

Job. 6C BC. Suffering, faithful Old Testament servant of God.

Joshua. Old Testament hero. Led conquest of Canaan. Destroyed Jericho.

Kennedy, John. 1917-63. US President 1961-. -“New Frontier”. Peace Corps. Apollo Program. Cuban Missile Crisis. Assassinated by Oswald. Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.

Latimer, Hugh. 1485-1555. English Protestant Reformation churchman. Executed by Mary I.

Lépine, Louis. 1846-1933. French administrator, prefect of police. Contest of inventors.

Levi. Old Testament 3rd son of Jacob.

Lex Talionis. Old Testament Law- An eye for an eye...

Limerick Capitulation. 1691. Confirmed English rule and Protestant land ownership in Ireland.

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

Lutheranism. Conservative Protestant sect of Germany and Scandinavia. Salvation through faith alone.

Malatesta. 13-16C. Italian family. Ruled Rimini.

Marcion. 144. Founded heretical sect with 2 Gods: imperfect Old Testament God and Jesus’ merciful God.

Marsyas. Mythical Phrygian artist. Challenged Apollo to musical contest.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Masora. 6-10C. Hebrew reconstruction of Old Testament.

Melanchthon, Philip. 1497-1560. German Lutheran theologian educationist. Dogmatic Protestant 1521, introduced term. Augsburg Confession 1530. Ethics 1538.

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