Wittenberg. 1517. Church door on which Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Woodstock. 1969. US Rock festival attended by 300,000.

Xenophon. 431-350BC. Greek general/historian. Expedition of Ten Thousand. Anabasis. Hellenica.

Yggdrasill. Ash tree of existence, life and knowledge in Scandinavian legend.

Yoga. Hindu and Buddhist system of meditation, breathing and exercise to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zen Buddhism. 6C-. Sect founded by Bodhidharma. Sudden Enlightenment by meditation on Koan paradoxes. 1191 imported to Japan.

Zurbaran, Francisco de. 1598-1664. Spanish religious Baroque tenebrist painter. Monk 1630.

Agincourt, Battle. 1415. English victory over French during 100 Years War. High French losses.

Antarctic Treaty. 1959. 12 nations agree for 30 years of demilitarized, nuclear free scientific study.

Apprentices Statute. 1563-1814 England. 7 Years apprenticeship required for all trades.

Australopithecus. Hominid ancestor to man, discovered in Africa. Lived 1 to 5 million years ago.

Babylonian Captivity. 586-538BC. “70 Years” of Jewish exile by Nebuchadnezzar.

Blenheim, Battle. 1704. Bavaria. Marlborough’s victory in War of Spanish Succession. First French defeat in 50 years, saves Vienna.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Calypso. Nymph who entertained Ulysses, delaying his voyage for seven years.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Dana, Richard. 1815-82. US writer. Two Years Before the Mast.

Defenestration of Prague. 1419. Hussites eject aldermen. 1618. Protestants throw regents out window. Begins Thirty Years War.

Diplomatic Revolution. 1756. Reversal of alliances led to Seven Years War.

Edward III. 1312-77. King of England 1327-. Claimed crown of France, causing Hundred Years War.

Eighty Years War. 1568~1648. Netherlands wins indep from Spain.

Fifteen Years War. 1591-1606. Austria vs Turkey over Transylvania. Stopped Turkish expansion in Europe.

Fire of London. 1666. Four days. 87 churches. 13,200 houses. 100,000 homeless. Rebuilt in 10 years. 1136 fire was previously known as Great Fire of London.

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