Samaritans. Jewish sect. Claim descent from Jews not deported 722BC. A claim rejected by other Jews. Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Schiaparelli, Giovanni. 1835-1910. Italian ’discoverer’ of non-existent canals on Mars.

Scopes Trial. 1925. Scopes found guilty of teaching evolution in Tennessee high school. Bryan. Darrow.

Sebastian, St. -288. Martyr. Survived arrows...beaten to death.

Ségurane, Catherine. Saved Nice by frightening away invading Turks, 1543.

Senegal. Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukulor. 1406 Bettencourt explored. 15C Portugal. 1626 French settle. 1895 French colony. 1959 +Sudanese Republic=Mali Federation. 1960 -Mali=Independent republic.

Serbia. 7C Serbs. 890 Bulgar Empire. 1159 Nemanya unites. 1389 Ottoman. 1830 Autonomous Russian protectorate. 1878 Independent. 1882 Kingdom. 1913 +N Macedonia. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1946 People’s Republic of Yuguslavia. 1992 +Montenegro =Yugoslavia. Kosovo.

Seven Gods of Luck. Japanese. 16C-. Bishamon, Daikoku, Ebisu, Fukurokuju, Hotei, Jurojin, Benten.

Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1906-75. Russian. Composed complex profound intense personal works. Rebuked by Stalin. Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 1934.

Simnel, Lambert. c1475-1535 Pretender to English throne 1487.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

Steen, Jan. 1626-79. Dutch painter. Humourous, everyday scenes. Christening Feast 1664.

Stendhal. 1783-1842. French historical novelist of psychological insight. le Rouge et le Noir 1830.

Stentor. Homer’s herald. Voice of 50 men.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Strasbourg Oath. 842. Charles II, Louis II oppose Lothair I. Earliest example of written French.

Stuart, Arabella. 1575-1615. Pretender to English throne. Died in Tower.

Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Sturm und Drang. 1760-80. German anti-enlightenment literary movement. Goethe. Klinger.

Sudetenland. German speaking area of Czechoslovakia given to Hitler by Munich Agreement 1938.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

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