Richardson, Samuel. 1689-1761. English novelist using personal letters. Influenced novel form: Pamela 1740 Clarissa 1747 (at 1M words, the longest English novel).

Rilke, Rainer. 1875-1926. Czech/Austrian writer: Duino Elegies 1922. Sonnets to Orpheus 1923.

Robert II. 1054-1134. Duke of Normandy 1087-1106. Son of William I. Led First Crusade.

Roberts, Charles. 1860-1943. Poet, “Father of Canadian literature”. Songs of the Common Day 1893.

Robespierre, Maximilien de. 1758-94. Jacobin extremist French revolutionary leader. Opposed Cult of Reason. Led Terror. Executed.

Roland. -778. Count of Brittany. Officer of Charlemagne, immortalized in song by Turold, c1100.

Romanesque Architecture. 4-15C. Barrel vault. Plain. Massive piers. Masonry vaulting. Blend of Byzantine and Roman influences. Gothic.

Romansh. Romance language spoken in Grison Canton of Switzerland. “National” language 1938-.

Roncesvalles, Battle. 778. Charlemagne ambushed in Pyrenees. Basis for Song of Roland.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Sachs, Hans. 1494-1576. German shoemaker/poet, composed songs of commonplace.

Sachs, Nelly. 1891-1970. German poet, Jewish spokesperson.

Saint-Saëns, Camille. 1835-1921. French composer. Symphonic Poems. Carnival of Animals 1886. Samson et Delila 1888.

Salan, Raoul. 1899-1984. French general. Created OAS 1961. Imprisoned 1962-8.

Samson. Old Testament Israelite judge, prophet. Lost sight and strength when Delilah cut off his hair.

Saud. 1902-69. Son of Ibn Sa’ud. Saudi King 1953-64. Deposed by brother, Faisal.

Scarlatti, Domenico. 1685-1757. Italian composer. 555 Sonatas for harpsichord 1737-. Operas 1703-.

Scholasticism. 11-14C. Christian movement to reconcile faith, reason. Anselm. Thomas Aquinas. Duns Scotus.

Schuschnigg, Kurt von. 1897-1977. Austrian Prime Minister 1934-38. Opposed German takeover. Imprisoned 1938-45.

Selkirk, Alexander. 1676-1721. Sailor marooned 1704-9. Prototype for Robinson Crusoe.

Semite. Descended of Shem, Noah’s eldest son. Assyrians, Phoenicians, Israelites, Babylonians. Now: Jews, Arabs of S.W. Asia.

September Massacres. 1792. Paris. 1200 prisoners killed by revolutionaries in 4 days. French Revolution.

Seth. Biblical son of Adam and Eve.

Seven Oaks Massacre. 1816. Northwest Company. agents kill 20 settlers in Red River rivalry with Hudson Bay Company. Settlement destroyed.

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