Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Pius VII. 1742-1823. Pope 1800-. Excommunicated Napoleon after French annexed Papal States. Imprisoned 1809-14.

Plainsong. Gregorian chant. Singing in unison without harmony.

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Pollock, Jackson. 1912-56. US abstract expressionist painter. Dripped paint on canvas.

Pompeius, Sextus. 67-35BC. Pompey’s son. Fought Caesar after father’s death.

Positivism. Knowledge based on senses alone. Personal knowledge. Natural laws lead to social engineering to secure a happy society. Comte. Mill. Spencer. Logical Positivism.

Primogeniture. Right of eldest son to inherit. Prevented dilution of wealth of aristocracy.

Prince Rupert’s Land. Hudson Bay drainage area, NW Territory.

Prophet. Old Testament Hebrew spiritual leader, divinely inspired spokesperson. Muhammad, Moses, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Jesus.

Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Ptolemy XV. Caesarion. 47-30BC. Egyptian king 44-. Son of Caesar and Cleopatra. Killed by Octavian.

Pugachov, Yemelyan. 1726-75. Russian. Led peasant rebellion vs serfdom 1773-5, impersonating Peter III.

Radisson and Groseilliers. Huguenot explorers of Minnesota, 1658-9.

Railton, William. Designed Nelson’s Column, 1839.

Rajk, Laszlo. 1909-49. Hungarian communist statesman. Hung for treason. Rehabilitated 1956.

Rakovsky, Khristian. 1873-?. Russian Communist leader. Opposed Stalin. Imprisoned 1938.

Rama. Ideal Hindu god, king. Virtue personified.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

Red River Colony. 1812 Selkirk. Wars vs Métis -1821. 1836 Hudson Bay Co. 1870 =Manitoba. Riel. Seven Oaks.

Reichstag Fire. 1933. Arson. Hitler blamed “red peril” as excuse for assuming dictatorship.

Rembrandt van Rijn. 1606-69. Dutch painter of bold realism. Chiaroscuro. Engraver. Antomy Lesson 1632. Night Watch 1642.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

Reynaud, Paul. 1878-1966. French Prime Minister, imprisoned by Vichy French.

Richardson, Dorothy. 1873-1957. English stream of consciousness novelist. Pilgrimage 1915-38.

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