Sol. Ancient Italian sun god.

Somalia. 1960 Independent union of British Somaliland + Italian Somaliland.

Sonnino, Sidney. 1847-1922. Italian diplomat. Encouraged Italy into WWI. Treaty of London.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

Spanish Civil War. 1936-9. Germany and Italy aid Fascist Franco’s revolt against the Republic, which surrenders after 1M die. International Brigades. A cause of WWII. Guernica.

Spanish Riding School. 16C. Vienna. Lippizaner stallions.

St Albans. 1455. First battle of War of Roses. Henry VI captured by Yorks.

St Albans Raid. 1864. Confederates attack Vermont from Canada.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stalin Line. Soviet defensive fortifications along Polish border.

Stalingrad. Tsaritsyn. 1925 =Stalingrad. 1961 =Volgograd.

Stalingrad, Battle. 1942-3. Russian victory over Germans. Turning point of WWII.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Steel, Pact of. 1939-43. Germany-Italy mutual aid. Axis.

Sterne, Laurence. 1713-68. English humourist novelist. Tristram Shandy 1759-67. Sentimental Journey 1768.

Stone Age. Period before use of metal tools. Date varies by region: Near east -c3500BC Paleolithic. Neolithic.

Stradivari, Antonio. 1644-1737. Italian master violin maker 1666-.

Stresa Conference. 1935. Britain-France-Italy “front” vs German rearmament.

Suharto. 1921-. Indonesian president. 1967-. Brutally repressed communist coup 1965.

Svevo, Italo. 1861-1928. Italian psychological novelist. Confessions of Zeno 1923.

Swinburne, Algernon. 1837-1909. English poet. Song of Italy.

Sybaris. 720-510BC. Wealthy decadent Greek city in Italy. Rebuilt twice.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Talât Pasha. 1874-1921. Young Turk leader. Ruled with Triumvirate 1913-18.

Taliban. 1994. Militia created to unite Afghanistan under Sharia, strict Islamic law. Wahabi.

96 more results ...