Malatesta. 13-16C. Italian family. Ruled Rimini.

Malenkov, Georgi. 1902-88. Stalinist Soviet premier 1953-5. Denounced 1957.

Malpighi, Marcello. 1628-94. Italian physician. Early microscopic anatomy. Malpighi skin layer.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malta, Knights of. 1530-1798. Knights of St. John.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mantua, Siege. 1796-7. Napoleon defeats Austria to rule Italy.

Manzoni, Alessandro. 1785-1873. Italian Romatic writer. The Betrothed 1825-7.

Marche. 10C Independent feudal state. 1631 Papal States. 1860 Italy.

Marconi, Guglielmo. 1874-1937. Italian physicist. First transatlantic radio reception 1901.

Marinetti, Fillippo. 1876-1944. Italian Fascist author. Founded Futurism 1909.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Mauchley, John. 1907-80. US inventor with Eckert of ENIAC digital computer 1946.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Mazzini, Giuseppe. 1805-72. Genoa republican for Italian unity. Founded Young Italy 1831. Led Rome Republic 1849.

McPherson, Aimee Semple.1890-1944. Controversial Canadian/US Pentacostal evangelist.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Mediterranean Agreements. 1887-92. Britain, Spain, Italy, Austria-Hungary. To preserve status quo.

Memphis. 2686-2160BC. Capital of Egyptian Old Kingdom.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Mestrovic, Ivan. 1883-1962. Croatian/US monumental sculptor. Belgrade mausoleum for unknown soldier.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

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