Flemish. School of Music. 1450-1550. Vocal contrapuntal ideal of a capella.

Florence. c200BC Etruscan. 59BC Rome. 1198 Independent rep. 1434 Medici. 1532 + Tuscany. 1860 Italy (1865-70 capital).

Fontana, Domenico. 1543-1607. Italian/Swiss architect. Vatican Library 1587. St. Peter’s Cupola 1588.

Francesca, Piero della. 1406-92. Italian fresco painter. Story of the True Cross 1465.

Free Enterprise. Capitalist economic doctrine of a market free from government control.

Free Will. Philosophies which allow that man can more or less determine his own destiny. Fatalism.

Frescobaldi, Girolamo. 1583-1643. Italian organist, instrumental composer. Bold chromaticism.

Friedman, Milton. 1912-. Monetarist economist. Demand is mainly a function of money supply. Keynes. Laissez-faire. Capitalism and Freedom 1962.

Fundamentalism. 1920-. US conservative Protestant movement. Strict scriptural interpretation.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Galuppi, Baldassare. 1706-85. Italian. Developed opera buffa.

Galvani, Luigi. 1737-98. Italian physiologist. Electrical stimulation of frog’s legs 1780.

Gambetta, Léon. 1838-82. French Third Republic leader.

Gargantua. Hungry giant of Rabelais tale.

Garibaldi, Giusseppe. 1807-82. Led “Red Shirts” in Italian Risorgimento. Captured Naples 1860.

Gaul. Celtic populated region = modern France, Belgium, W Germany, N Italy.

Gaza Strip. Between Egypt, Israel. 1948- Egypt. 1956 Israel occupies. 1957 UN admin. 1967 Israel conq. 1979 “Autonomy” by Camp David Accord. 1993 Palestine.

Gellert, Christian. 1715-69. German Enlightenment poet, writer. Fables + Tales 1746-48.

Genoa. Ligurian. 3C BC Rome...Byzantine. 641 Lombard. 12C Republic. 13C Empire. 14-15C Decline. 1797 France 1814 «Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Gentili, Alberico. 1552-1608. Italian jurist. International laws on the conduct of war.

Gentlemen’s Agreement. 1907. US-Japan. Restricted emigration and discrimination. 1937. British-Italian agreement on Mediterranean. Appeasement.

Gestalt. 1912. Psychological school of perception as an integrated whole.

Giolitti, Giovanni. 1842-1928. Italian Prime Minister 1892~1921. Universal male suffrage 1912.

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