Oneida Community. 19C US Perfectionist religious commune founded by Noyes....Oneida silver co.

Orcus. Roman god of underworld and dead. = Hades.

Orléans, Charles, duc d’. 1394-1465. Fought with Armagnacs vs Burgundians. Captured at Agincourt 1415. Ransomed 1440. Last courtly poet of France.

Orléans, Louis, duc d’. 1372-1407. Began Armagnac/Burgundy conflict. Assassinated by supporters of John the Fearless.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Orpheus. Mythical Greek poet. Tamed animals with lyre. Music charmed underworld gods in bid to free wife.

Osiris. Vegetation god who introduced civilization to Egypt. God of underworld.

Osman I. 1258-1326. Turkish founder of Ottoman Empire 1299. Conquered Byzantium.

Otto I. The Great. 912-73. King of Germany, 936-. Founded Holy Roman Empire, 962. Deposed Pope John XII.

Pachomius, St. c290-346. Egypt. Founded first Christian monastery.

Palestine. Holy land of Jews, Christians, Moslems. 2100BC Amorites invade. 18C BC Hyksos. 16C Hebrews settle. 1500 Egypt. 142 Maccabees. 63BC Rome...5C Byzantine. 614 Persia. 640 Moslem. 1099 Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1291 Mameluk. 16C Ottoman. 1917 Britain. 1920 British under League of Nations mandate. 1947 Partition, Independent Israel.

Palmyra. 19C BC. Syrian city “founded by Solomon”. 3C AD + Syria, Egypt. 273 Rome destroys.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Papal States. 756-1870. Italian territory under Pope. Recognized 1279 by HRE; lost during Italian Unification. Pepin Donation.

Paré, Ambroise. 1510-90. Father of modern surgery. -“I apply the dressing. God heals the wound.” Invented articulating artificial limbs 1540.

Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Parnell, Charles. 1846-91. Irish nationalist. Founded Land League.

Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Partisans. Armed resistance in occupied territory. Yugoslav resistance under Tito, 1941-5.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Paterson, William. 1658-1719. Scottish. Founded Bank of England 1694. Darien Scheme.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Peelites. 19C Free Trade Conservatives under Peel, Aberdeen.

Peninsular War. 1808-14. British, Spanish, Portuguese under Wellington defeat French in Iberian Peninsula.

Penn, William. 1644-1718. English Quaker. Founded Pennsylvania 1681.

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