Carthusians. 1084. Strict order of monks founded by St Bruno. Inventors of Chartreuse liqueur.

Cartwright, Edmund. 1743-1823. Power loom 1785.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Cavour, Count. 1810-61. Founding editor Il Risorgimento, 1847-. First Prime Minister of united Italy 1852-. Plombieres.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Cerberus. Three-headed dog, guardian of Greek underworld.

Chamberlain, Houston. 1855-1927. British/German antisemite pro-Aryan philosopher. Foundation of the Nineteenth Century, 1899.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Chang Ling. 33-156. Founded Taoism in China.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Checkers Speech. 1952. US VP Nixon denies personal gain from campaign funds on TV.

Christian Science. 1879. Founded by Eddy. Death, illness are illusions to be overcome by faith.

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Cohn, F. J. 1828-98. Founder of bacteriology.

Colet, John. 1467-1519. English theologian. Founded St. Paul’s School, 1509.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Comenius, John. 1592-1670. Czech founder of direct method of language education. First use of pictures.

Congo Conference. 1884. Bismarck mediates. Congo comes under Belgian sovereignty.

Congress (I) Party. 1978-. Split from Congress Party under Indira Gandhi.

Continental Army. 1775-81. American Revolution army under George Washington.

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