Alphabet. 1500BC. Semitic invention developed through mnemonic, pictorial, ideographic, and phonetic stages.

Amarna Age. 1379-1362BC. Reign of Akhenaton.

Amundsen, Roald. 1872-1928. Norwegian explorer, first to South Pole, 1911; NW Passage, 1906.

Angevin Dynasty. Descendants of French House of Anjou. France -1480. Plantagenet Kings of England 1154-1485. Charles I of Anjou.

Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Anthony, Susan B. 1820-1906. US temperence, anti-slavery suffragette.

Aramaeans. Ancient Semitic people of Mesopotamia, Syria. Language widespread 10C-5C BC. Alphabet 720 BC.

Armageddon. Site of battle at end of the world.

Aryans. 2000BC. Nomads from Steppes spread to India. Founded Indus Civilization, 3240-2750BC. Hyksos Empire in Syria, 1720-1550BC. Introduced horse chariots. Basis for all Indo-European languages.

Aske, Robert. -1537. Led Pilgrimage of Grace against Henrician Reformation.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

Ayer, Alfred. 1910-89. British Logical Positivist. Foundation of Empirical Knowledge. Language, Truth and Logic 1936.

Babbage, Charles. 1792-1871. British. Invented Difference Engine, 1823-34 -first computer. Founded British Association for the Advancement of Science 1831, Royal Astronomical Society 1820, Royal Statistical Society 1834.

Bagehot, Walter. 1826-77. English social scientist/ essayist. The English Constitution 1867. Physics and Politics 1872. Lombard St. 1873.

Bantu. Language of 60M natives in Southern Africa.

Barents, Willem. 1555-97. Dutch navigator, explorer for NE passage.

Baron. 1066-. 5th (lowest) rank of British peerage.

Basil I. 813-886. Byzantine Emperor, 867-. Defeated Arabs. New Golden Age. Founded Macedonian dynasty.

Beaumarchais, C de. 1732-99. French satirical writer vs nobility. Barber of Seville 1772, Marriage of Figaro 1784.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Blake, William. 1757-1827. English mystical poet and engraver of his own books. Marriage of Heaven and Hell 1790-3. Job 1821. Dante’s Divine Comedy 1825.

Blanc, Louis. 1811-82. French Utopian Socialist. Theory of equal wages. National Workshops. Organization du Travail 1839.

Borden, Robert. 1854-1937. Canadian Cons Prime Minister 1911-20. Union Gov’t. Imperial War Cabinet. Women suffrage.

Bougainville, Louis. 1729-1811. First French circumnavigation 1766-9. Voyage autour du monde 1771.

Boycott, Charles. 1832-97. English land agent boycotted in Ireland, 1879. Land League.

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