Racine, Jean. 1639-99. Classical French tragedy playwright. Molière’s rival. Andromaque 1667. Britannicus 1669. Phèdre 1677.

Radcliffe, Ann. 1764-1823. English Gothic novelist. Mysteries of Udolpho 1794.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

Rajputs. 9C-. NW Indian Hindu warrior caste.

Ravenna. 402 Western Roman Empire capital. 476 Ostrogothic capital of Italy. 553 Byzantine. 751 Lombard. 754 Franks. 1278 Papal States. 1441 Venice. 1509 Papal States. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Realism. General concepts have an existence independent of material things or names. Plato. St Anselm.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Registers, Parish. 1308 France. 1538 England.

Regium Donum. 1690~1869. Grant from monarch to Nonconformist ministers in Britain.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Remington, Frederic. 1861-1909. US artist of western subjects.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Renaudot, Théophraste. 1586-1653. Physician to Louis XIII. Huguenot. Founder of first periodical, Gazette de France 1631.

Revisionism. Criticism of tenets of Marxism by Bernstein, Tito.

Reynaud, Paul. 1878-1966. French Prime Minister, imprisoned by Vichy French.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Rochester, 2nd Earl. 1647-80. English satiric poet. History of Insipids 1676. Maim’d Debauchée.

Rockingham, 2nd Marquess. 1730-82. British Prime Minister. Tried to make peace with American colonies.

Rodgers, Richard. 1902-79. US musical comedy composer. Oklahoma 1943. South Pacific 1949. Sound of Music 1959. Hart. Hammerstein.

Rodin, Auguste. 1840-1917. French sculptor: Thinker 1879-89. Balzac. Beethoven. Kiss 1886. Burghers of Calais 1884-6. Gates of Hell.

Roebling, John. 1806-69. US civil enginerer. First steel cable suspension bridges. Began Brooklyn Bridge.

Roman Catholic Church. 30-. Branch of Christianity recognizing Pope as successor to St Peter. East-West Schism. Eastern Orthodoxy. Protestantism.

Roman Empire. 27BC Augustus. 395 Split into Empire of the West and Eastern Roman Empire =Byzantine Empire. Rome.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

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