International. 1920-. Style of architecture. Glass and steel. Gropius. Le Corbusier.

Iron Curtain. 1946. Churchill’s name for Russia’s increasing influence in Eastern Europe. Dining à la Russe refers to carving being done behind an iron screen.

Isabella. 1292-1358. Ousted husband Edward II in favour of son, Edward III, 1327.

Isis. Egyptian deity of the moon, nature and fertility. Sister of Osiris.

Ito Hirobumi. 1841-1909. Westernizing Japanese statesman. First Parliament 1890.

Jackson, Andrew. 1767-1845. US President 1829-37. General 1812-18. Opposed tarrifs. Retired public debt 1835. Spoils system. Universal white male suffrage. Kitchen Cabinet. New Orleans.

Jagirdar System. 13C-. Indian feudal system granting tax revenues to officials.

Jaspers, Karl. 1883-1969. German Existential philosopher. Philosophie 1932.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Joei Shikimoku. 1232. Established Japanese Shogunate feudal system.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John XX. Non-existent pope due to miscount by John XXI.

John of Lancaster. 1389-1435. English regent of France. Allowed Joan of Arc’s execution.

Jordaens, Jacob. 1593-1678. Flemish painter. Boisterous scenes of peasant life. Allegory 1625.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Kadar, János. 1912-89. Hungarian Prime Minister 1956~65. Communist First Secretary.

K’ang-hsi. 1654-1722. Chinese Emperor 1661-. Expanded China. Encouraged western science education.

Karamanlis, Konstantinos. 1907-98. Greek Prime Minister 1955-63, 74-80. President 1980-. Resolved Cyprus crises 1960,74.

Kassem, Abdul Karim. 1914-63. Iraqi Prime Minister 1958-. Overthrew monarchy. Overthrown by Ba’ath.

Kato, Takaakira. 1860-1926. Japanese foreign minister, Prime Minister. Twenty-One Demands 1915. Founded Kenseikai party 1913.

Kearny, Stephen. 1794-1848. US general. Captured NM in Mexican War.

Kerensky, Aleksandr. 1881-1970. Russian Revolutionary leader. Prime Minister 1917. Liberal Socialist Provisional government.

Kierkegaard, Sören. 1813-55. Danish founder of Existentialism. Either-Or 1843. Fear and Trembling 1843. Influenced Heidegger. Individual must consciously choose among life’s alternatives.

King, William Lyon Mackenzie. 1874-1950. Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1921~48. WWII. UN.

Kishi Nobusuke. 1896-1987. Japanese Prime Minister 1957-60. Resigned after supporting US-Japan security treaty.

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