Christie, Agatha. 1890-1976. English mystery writer. Mousetrap 1952.

Churchill, Winston. 1874-1965. British WWII Prime Minister. 1940-5,51-5.

Cistercians. 1098-. RC monastic order. Rigorous rule. Trappist vows of silence 1664.

Clemenceau, Georges. 1841-1929. French Radical Prime Minister 1917-20. Dreyfus defender. War leader.

Clytemnestra. Wife and murderess of Agamemnon. Killed by her children, Orestes and Electra.

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste. 1619-83. Louis XIV’s Finance Minister.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Collins, Michael. 1890-1922. Led Easter Rebellion. First Prime Minister of Irish Free State 1922. Assassinated by extremists.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Commonwealth, British. 1926-. Free association of autonomous countries. Evolved from the British Empire. Statute of Westminster 1931.

Comte, Auguste. 1798-1857. French Positivist philosopher. Religion belongs to primitive society. Positivism 1830. Tejada Law.

Conceptualism. Reality has no objective existence; it is a concept in the mind. Abelard.

Congress System. 1815-25. Diplomacy by regular meetings of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Continental System. 1806-12. Napoleon’s European embargo vs Britain. Russian refusal led to 1812 Campaign. British retaliation led to Anglo-American War 1812.

Corporate State. Mussolini economic system. Capitalist elements in state controlled economy.

Corpus Juris Civilis. Developed 529-35. Roman legal code. Influenced European legal systems.

Coster, Laurens. 1370-c1440. Dutch inv of moveable type, perhaps before Gutenberg.

Cousteau, Jacques. 1910-97. French underwater explorer.

Cowell, Henry. 1887-1965. US avant-garde composer. Tone Clusters.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Crane, Stephen. 1871-1900. US writer. Red Badge of Courage 1895. Short stories.

Crazy Horse. c1842-1877. Sioux Indian chief vs Custer at Little Bighorn.

Crispi, Francesco. 1819-1901. Italian Prime Minister 1887~96. Thousand.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cugnot, Joseph. 1725-1804. French engineer. First steam car, 1769.

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