Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

ETA. 1970-. Basque terrorist separatist organization.

Etaples, Treaty. 1492. England renounces claim to France, except Calais.

Ethelbert. 552-616. King of Kent 560-. First Christian Anglo-Saxon king. first extant A-S law code.

Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Ethics. Study of what is good human conduct.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

Etruscans. Asian people in Tuscany 8C BC. Taken by Rome, 4-3C BC. Skilful metal workers. Strong navy, merchant traders. Tarquins.

Eudes. 860-98. King of France in 888. Defended Paris against the Norse in 885.

Eudoxus of Cnidus. c400-350BC. Greek astronomer. Explained movement of sun, moon, planets.

Eulenspiegel, Till. -1350. German peasant prankster.

Euric. Visigoth king 466-484. First Visigoth law code.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Eurydice. Wife of Orpheus, almost rescued from Hades.

Eustachio, Bartolomeo. -1574. Italian anatomist. Eustachian tube. Anatomy of Ear 1552.

Evangelicalism. Protestant churches that follow literal biblical interpretation.

Evans, Timothy. -1953. Wrongful hanging led to abolition of capital punishment in Britain.

Evatt, Herbert. 1894-1965. Australian statesman. Major influence on UN charter.

Eve. Biblical first woman. Wife of Adam. Ate forbidden apple, expelled from Garden of Eden.

Evelyn, John. 1620-1706. English diarist and writer.

Everest, George. 1790-1866. British surveyor of India.

Existentialism. Philosophy. Existence is concrete. Man has choice. Responsibility, freedom. Anti-conformism. Kierkegaard. Sartre. Heidegger.

Explorer I. 1958. US first satellite.

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