Francis I. 1708-65. Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-. Husband of Maria Theresa. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Frankfurt, Treaty. 1871. Ended Franco-Prussian War. France paid indemnity, gave up Alsace-Lorraine.

French-Austrian War. 1494-1529.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

French Revolutionary Wars. 1792-1802. France vs European powers who opposed Revolution. Napoleonic Wars. Coalition. Pillnitz.

French Wars. 1701-1815. Second Hundred Years War.

Froissart, Jean. c1333-1400. French Chronicles of the Hundred Years War 1391.

Fujiwara. 9-12C. Japanese dynasty.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Gallic Wars. 58-51BC. Julius Caesar conquers Gauls, last independent Celts on continent.

Garter, Order of. c1348. First Order of British Knighthood. Founded by Edward III. “Honi soit qui mal y pense”. Shame on him who thinks evil of it.

Gaveston, Piers. c1284-1312. English regent during absence of Edward II. Executed by barons.

Gempei War. 1180-5. Japanese civil war. Established Kamakura shogunate.

Genêt, Edmond. 1763-1834. French diplomat. Failed to win US support for war vs Britain.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

Geneva Protocol. 1924. League of Nations. Prohibits chemical and bacteriological warfare.

Gentili, Alberico. 1552-1608. Italian jurist. International laws on the conduct of war.

German-Danish War. 1848. Danes gain Schleswig-Holstein. 1864. Danes lose S-H.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Ghetto. Jewish area of cities, esp: 1556-1885 Rome; 1239 Valencia; 1462 Frankfurt; 1516 Venice; 1066-1291 Old Jewry, London; 1939 Warsaw.

Gibbon, Edward. 1737-94. English historian. Decline and Fall of Roman Empire 1776-88.

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