Kalmar Union. 1397-1523. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Established by Queen Margaret of Denmark.

Labour Party. 1888 Scotland. 1890 NZ. 1891 Australia. 1900 Britain. 1930 Israel. Founded by unions, Fabians for democratic change towards socialism. First UK MPs elected 1906. First UK Labour government 1924.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Lithuania. 1238 Mindaugas unites. 1385 +Poland. 1569 Lublin Union under Poland. 1795 Prussia/ Russia. 1918 Independent. 1926 Smetona putsch. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Lublin Union. 1569-1792. Poland and Lithuania.

Lyons, Council, 2nd. 1274. Union of East, West churches. Later repudiated by Greek clergy. Schism.

Maastricht, Treaty. 1993. Established European Union. Common citizenship, currency and free trade.

Margaret. 1353-1412. Queen of Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Formed Kalmar Union 1397.

Mosley, Oswald. 1896-1980. British Fascist union leader 1932-.

Nashville, Battle. 1864. US. Union defeats Confederates.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Neoplatonism. 3C Plotinus’ philosophy of the “One”. Union with the “Good” by using intelligence.

Nestorianism. 392-. Jesus had divine + human personalities with moral union. Monophysitism.

Nicholas I. 1841-1921. Prince/King of Montenegro 1860-. Opposed union with Serbia. Deposed 1918.

Nyerere, Julius. 1922-99. First Tanganyika Prime Minister 1961, President 1962. Union with Zanzibar. President Tanzania 1964.

Orange Free State. 1820 Boer colony. 1848 British. 1854 Independent. 1900 British. 1910 Union of South Africa. Boer War.

Pan-American Conferences. 1826- US, South American states. Pan-American Union, OAS.

Pan-American Union. 1890-1948. Commercial, cultural exchanges.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Peninsular Campaign. 1862. Failed Union attempt to take Richmond in American Civil War.

Philip IV. 1605-65. Spanish king 1621-. Lost Portugal, Catalonia, Utrecht.

Popular Sovereignty. 1850s. US territories could join Union as free or slave states. Bleeding Kansas.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Railways. 1795 England(horse-drawn). 1827 First US charter. 1827 Europe (St. Etienne-Andrézieux). 1869 US Central/Union Pacific. 1887 Canadian Pacific 1905 Trans-Siberian.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

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