Valdemar IV. Atterdag. 1320-75. Danish king 1340-. Re-united Denmark. Opposed Hanseatic League. Sold Estonia to Teutonic Knights.

Vellore Mutiny. 1806. Indians resenting removal of caste markings kill 130 British soldiers.

Vermeer, Jan. 1632-75. Dutch painter, portraying domestic interiors. Procuress 1656. Soldier and Laughing Girl. Letter 1660.

Victor Emmanuel III. 1869-1947. Last Italian king 1900~46. Supported Mussolini. Abdicated.

Villiers, G. 1592-1628. First Duke of Buckingham. Incompetent favourite of Charles I who dissolved parliament to prevent his impeachment, 1626 causing Civil War.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. 1798,9. States protest Alien +Sedition Acts limiting freedoms. Nullification.

Wafd. 1918-52. Egyptian nationalist party. Dissolved by Revolution.

Wagner, Richard. 1813-83. German Romantic opera composer/librettist. Leitmotif. Unified drama and music in long and complex operas. Tannhäuser 1845. Lohengrin 1850. Nibelung Ring 1853-76. Tristan and Isolde 1857-9. Parsifal 1882.

Walesa, Lech. 1943-. Polish Solidarity leader instrumental in forcing decline of Communist rule. President 1990-96.

Wallace, Lewis. 1827-1905. US soldier, author. Ben Hur 1880.

Yi. 1392-1910. Korean dynasty. Isolationist to 1876. Ended by Japanese annexation.

Zog I. 1895-1961. King of Albania 1928-39. Dependent on Mussolini. Deposed after Italy invaded.