Québecois, Parti. Political party dedicated to separating Quebec from Canada. Despite 1976 election majority, 1980 referendum rejected secession.

Radical Republicans. 1860-77. Anti-slavery faction of US Republican Party. Abolitionists.

Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti. 1879-1972. Indian Governor General 1948-50. Founded Swatantra Party 1959.

Rayburn, Sam. 1882-1961. US Democratic Speaker of House. 48 yrs. in House of Representatives.

Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

Republican People’s Party. Turkey 1923-50. Founded by Ataturk.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Russell, John. 1792-1878. British Liberal Prime Minister 1846~66. Reform Bill 1832.

Russian Social Democratic Party. 1898. Split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1903.

SA. 1921-34. Brownshirts. Nazi force for breaking up rival party meetings. Purged on Night of Long the Knives.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Social Credit Party. Canada. Aberhart. Douglas. 1935- Alberta, BC, federal parties. Social Credit.

Social Democratic Party. 1981-87. British moderate Labour centre party.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Spartacus League. 1914-19. Forerunner of German Communist Party. Leaders executed after 1919 uprising.

Tammany Society. 1789-. Powerful NY Democratic party association.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Togliatti, Palmiro. 1893-1964. Co-founder, Italian Communist Party. Leader 1926-.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Trades Union Congress. TUC. 1868. Organization of British unions sponsoring Labour Party. ICFTU.

Trudeau, Pierre. 1919-2000. Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1969~84. Constitution Act 1982; Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Wafd. 1918-52. Egyptian nationalist party. Dissolved by Revolution.

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