Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 1881-1955. British. Social anthropology as science.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Riis, Jacob. 1849-1914. Danish/US social reformer. How the Other Half Lives, 1890.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Ruskin, John. 1819-1900. English writer and Pre-Raphaelite art critic. Social reformer.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Russian Social Democratic Party. 1898. Split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1903.

Ruthenia. 1321 Lithuania. 1772 Russ/Austria-Hungary. 1920 Czechoslovakia. 1939 Hungary. 1945 = Transcarpathian Ukraine (USSR).

SA. 1921-34. Brownshirts. Nazi force for breaking up rival party meetings. Purged on Night of Long the Knives.

Saint-Simon, Henri de. 1760-1825. “Father” of French Socialism. Utopian writer. Organisateur 1820. Industry. New Christianity 1825.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Scaevola, Quintus. -82BC. Roman consul. Law limiting citizenship led to Social War.

Shaw, George Bernard. 1856-1950. Irish socialist writer/dramatist of wit and satire. Man and Superman 1903. Pygmalian 1913. St. Joan 1923. Fabian.

Siqueiros, David. 1896-1974. Mexican socialist mural painter. Third World. March of Humanity.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Social Credit. 1919. Douglas’ economic theory. Give money to consumers, producers based on social credits, “liberating” production from price system.

Social Darwinism. 19C theory that social man is subject to the “survival of the fittest”.

Social Democratic Party. 1981-87. British moderate Labour centre party.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Social Security. First in Germany: 1883-89. UK 1911; Canada 1927; US 1935-66. Poor Laws. National Insurance.

Social War. 90-89BC. Tribal rebellion. Rome grants citizenship to all allies.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

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