Algerian War. 1831-46. France conquers Algeria.

Ali. 4th Caliph, 656-661. Son-in-law of Muhammad. Succession led to Sunni/Shi’ite split. Moslem Civil War.

Alma, Battle. 1854 Crimean War. French and British defeat Russians at Sebastapol.

Altmark Truce. 1629-35. Polish-Swedish wars of succession.

Altranstadt, Peace. 1706 Sweden-Poland: Augustus renounces Polish throne. 1707 Sweden-HRE: HRE buys Swedish neutrality in War of Spanish Succession. 1714 Louis XIV-Charles VI.

Amazons. Mythical women warriors. Fought Greeks at Troy.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

Amiens, Treaty. 1527. Henry VIII, Francis I ally vs Charles V. 1802. England, France, Spain, Holland end French Revolutionary Wars. Britain cedes captured territory, gains Ceylon, Trinidad.

Anabaptists. 1520- Christian sect. Adult baptism. No clergy. Salvation via faith. Millenialist. Hutterites, Mennonites, Quakers. Peasants War.

Andrusov, Treaty. 1667. Ended Russo-Polish War. Divided Ukraine.

Anglo-Afghan Wars. 1839-42. 1878-80. 1919. British limit Russian influence, maintain buffer to India.

Anglo-American War. 1812-14. US, angry at British blockade of France, and Tippecanoe interference, invades Canada. Toronto and White House burned. US defeated. Ghent Treaty.

Anglo-Dutch Wars. 17-18C. Established England’s naval power, ended Dutch world power.

Anjala League. 1788-89. Swedish, Finnish officers conspire vs Gustav III to end Russo-Swedish War.

Antarctica. 1773 Cook explores seas. 1820 first sighted. Bransfield. 1821 first landing-Davis. 1911 Amundsen first to S Pole.

Appleton, Edward. 1892-1965. English physicist: Appleton ionospheric layer.

Araucanian Wars. 1530-1870. Chile, Argentina. Natives forced onto reservations.

Archidamian War. 431-421BC. Peloponnesian War.

Ares. Greek god of war, Roman =Mars.

Argentina. Tehuelch, Querandi, Puelche, Inca. 1536 Spanish. 1776 Viceroyalty of La Plata. 1816 Independent United Province of La Plata. 1862 =Argentina. 1943 Peron. 1982 Falklands War. 2001 Economic collapse.

Aroostook War. 1838-9. US-Canadian border dispute in East.

Assaye, Battle. 1803. British win in 2nd Maratha War.

Athenian League. 378-338BC. Refounded Delian League. War with Sparta 378-371BC.

Augsburg League. 1686-9. Holy Roman Empire and allies vs France. Replaced by Grand Alliance.

Augustus II. 1670-1733. King of Poland, 1697-. Provoked Northern War.

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