Federalism. Autonomous states united under central government.

Fox, Charles. 1749-1806. English Whig Statesman who supported Liberal causes. Coined term ’radical’ 1797.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grenville, William. 1759-1834. British statesman. Ministry of All Talents 1806-7. Abolished Slave Trade, 1807.

Grey, Edward. 1862-1933. British statesman. Triple Alliance. Treaty of London.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1881-1959. English statesman. Viceroy of India 1925-31, Foreign Secretary 1938-40.

Hamilton, Alexander. 1755-1804. US Federalist statesman. First Secretary of Treasury. Killed in duel by Burr.

Hellenic League. 338~322BC. Philip of Macedonia. All Greek city-states except Sparta.

Hyde, Edward. 1609-74. English statesman, historian. Supported Charles II.

Ito Hirobumi. 1841-1909. Westernizing Japanese statesman. First Parliament 1890.

Jesuit Estates Act. 1888. Quebec awards restitution to Jesuits for British land appropriation 1773.

Jiménez, Francisco. 1436-1517. Spanish cardinal, statesman. Founded University of Alcalá.

Kido Koin. 1833-77. Japanese statesman. Overthrew Shogunate 1868. Ended feudalism.

Lamian War. 323-322BC. Greek city-states rebel vs Macedonian rule. Defeated by Antipater.

Lansdowne, Henry. 1845-1927. British statesman. Governor General of Canada, India. Secretary of War 1895-1900.

Lauderdale, John. 1616-82. Scottish statesman. Cabal Ministry. Repressive rule of Scotland.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Maginot. André. 1877-1932. French statesman. Built line of fortifications in the east of France 1928-38, leaving French overconfident vs German threat.

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