Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Xenophanes. c560-478BC. Greek poet. Founded Eleatics. Change is an illusion. Monotheist.

Xerxes I. 519-465BC. King of Persia, invaded Attica. Victor at Thermopylae. Salamis defeat preserved Greek independence. Crossed Hellespont 480BC.

Yeomen of the Guard. 1485 British Monarch’s bodyguard. Beef Eaters, Yeoman Warders of the Tower of London, 1669-.

York. Branch of the Anjou-Plantegenet family, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. War of Roses.

York Cathedral. 625 Original. 1070-1472 Current.

Yü the Great. -2197BC. Legendary founder of First Chinese dynasty, Hsia.

Zambia. 1851 Livingstone explores. 1890 British South Africa Company =Northern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 Independent Zambia.

Zeami Motokiyo. 1363-1443. Japanese No drama theorist, playwright. Kaden-sho 1400.

Zeno of Citium. c335-263BC. Greek founder of Stoicism. Early anarchist: “Compulsion perverts the nature of man”.

Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

Zionism. 1882-1947. Aspirations of a Jewish nation in Israel. Balfour Declaration. Herzl.

Zionist World Congress. 1897. Defined Basel Program to establish Palestinian Homeland. Herzl.

Zoroastrianism. 550BC-650. Monotheistic, dualist national religion of Persia. =Parsiism. Zoroaster.

Zuiderzee. Netherlands. 13C. Floods caused by storms. 1927-32 Dam built. 1930s Land reclaimed. 1944 Flooded by Nazis. 1946 reclaimed.

Africanus Sextus. c180-250. Wrote chronology of World, Creation to 221 AD.

Aircraft Transport and Travel Ltd. 1916. World’s first airline, Britain.

Althing. 930~. Icelandic parliament. World’s oldest.

Anglo-Dutch Wars. 17-18C. Established England’s naval power, ended Dutch world power.

Anthroposophy. Human power to contact spiritual world. Steiner.

Atomism. 5C BC. World is an infinity of small indestructible particles. Leucippus.

Baha’ism. 1863-. Founded by Baha (1817-92), disciple of Bab. Religion advocating world peace, through unification of mankind.

Bandaranaike, Sirimavo. 1916-2000. Ceylon Prime Minister 1960~77. World’s first woman Prime Minister.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Böhme, Jakob. 1575-1624. German mystic. Explained world in terms of opposing elements. Aurora 1612.

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