Alabama Claims. 1872. US claim damages caused by British built warships in Civil War. $15M=£3.25M awarded by arbitration.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Buccaneers. 1630-97. British,French,Dutch pirates vs Spanish ships and colonies in Caribbean, S. America. Morgan.

Don Pacifico Affair. 1850. Britain siezes Greek ships. Causes international protest.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

Ironclads. 1858-60. Iron-protected wooden warships.

London Naval Conference. 1930. US, Britain, France, Japan, Italy, USA agree to limit battleships to 1936.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Milo. 6C BC. Greek Olympic wrestler. 6 Olympic, 6 Pythian championships.

Navigation Acts. 14-19C. Limited trade to England and colonies to British ships.

Palaemon. Greek god of ships = Portunus.

Scylla. Rock opposite Charybdis, danger to passing ships...mythical sea monster ate sailors.

Ships. Iron- Foss 1777. Clipper 1832. Paddle- Charlotte Dundas 1801. Screw- Archimedes 1839. Nuclear- Nautilus 1955.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Straits Convention. 1841-1923. Banned warships from Dardanelles in peacetime.

Symplegades. Cyanean Rocks. Cliffs at entrance to Black Sea. Crushed ships until Jason and Argonauts slipped through.

Whipple, Abraham. 1733-1819. American Revolutionary. Captured 11 British ships 1779.

XYZ Affair. 1797. US attack French ships after refusing to bribe ministers. Settled 1800. French Revolutionary Wars.

Zeebrugge, Raid. 1918. Allied attempt to block harbour, trapping German submarines, warships.