Bramante, Donato. 1444-1514. Italian architect. St. Peter’s 1506.

Breton, André. 1896-1966. French poet. Surrealist Manifesto 1924.

Brezhnev Doctrine. 1968. Justified Czech invasion by Soviet right to defend Socialism worldwide.

Bridgewater Canal. 1761. Brindley. First British canal. Brought coal to Manchester stimulating industrialization.

British Somaliland. 1880 British protectorate. 1960 +Italian Somaliland =independent Somalia.

Broglie, Louis de. 1892-1987. Italian/French physicist. Wave/particle theory.

Bronze Age. 3500-500BC. First uses of metal for arms and tools. Began in Near East. Society more structured. Specialization begins. Iron Age.

Browne, Robert. 1550-1633. English founder of congregationalist Brownist sect, 1580. Exiled.

Bruant, Libéral. 1635-97. Architect: Les Invalides 1671.

Bruegel, Pieter (the Elder). 1525-69. Flemish narrative painter of village life. Natural realism. Peasant Wedding 1567. Hunters in the Snow 1565.

Bruno, Giordano. 1548-1600. Italian Copernican philosopher opposed to dogma. Burned as heretic.

Bryant, William. 1794-1878. US poet/journalist. Founded Republican Party. Evening Post.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

Buffon, Georges. 1707-88. Naturalist, founded Botanical Gardens, Paris. 36 vol Natural History 1753.

Buffons, War of. 1752. Paris intellectuals debate Italian vs French opera. Rousseau.

Bukharin, Nikolay. 1888-1938. Russian Bolshevik. Shot in Stalin’s Purge. Rehabilitated 1988.

Bull Moose. 1912-16. Liberal Republicans for Roosevelt in first US Progressive Party.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Bushrangers. 19C Australian bandits in outback. Kelly.

Busoni, Ferruccio. 1866-1924. Italian neoclassical, anti-Romantic composer in Liszt tradition. Fantasia 1903-4.

Byzantine Empire. 395-1453. Eastern Roman Empire. Reduced by: 634 Caliphate Empire, 1042 Seljuks, 1204 Crusaders’ Latin Empire, 1453 Ottoman Empire.

Cabrillo, Juan. -1543. Portuguese explorer. Discovered California for Spain.

Caccini, Giulio. 1550-1618. Italian composer. Monodic music, early operas.

Cadoudal, Georges. 1771-1804. French Royalist leader. Plotted Napoleon’s assassination. Executed.

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