Josquin des Prés. c1445-1521. Flemish composer of motets and masses. Advanced musical expressiveness. -“Father of Musicians”.

Joyce, James. 1882-1941. Innovative Irish writer in Stream of Consciousness style. Experimented with linguistic techniques. Dubliners 1914. Portrait of the Artist 1916. Ulysses 1922. Finnegan’s Wake 1939.

Judah. Judaea. Southern part of Kingdom of Israel.

Judaism. Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham, who had covenant with God. Branches include: Orthodox. 19C-. Rigorous adherence to original Jewish Law; Rabbinic. 70-18C. Priest replaced by Rabbi. Sacrifice...Study of Torah. Temple...Synagogue; Reform. 19C. Modern liberal interpretation of Judaism. Hasidism. Mishna. Moses.

Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.

Juliana. 1909-. Queen of Netherlands 1948-80.

Jung, Karl. 1875-1961. Swiss psychiatrist. Synchronicity-theory that related events occur at the same time without connecting cause. Astrology. Psychology of the Unconscious 1912. Extrovert. Introvert. Collective Unconscious.

Kafka, Franz. 1883-1924. Czech introspective writer. Alienation of modern man. The Trial 1925. The Castle 1926. Published posthumously.

Kamakura. 1192-1333. Japanese Shogunate dynasty. Zen. Introduced No Theater. Joei. Hojo. Daigo II.

Kanagawa, Treaty. 1854. US-Japan trade agreement. Ended Japan’s isolationism 1639-. Perry.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Karman, Theodore von. 1881-1963. US mathematical aerodynamicist.

Karnak. Egypt. Thebian temple of Aron.

Kekraps. Phoenician King. Legendary founder of Athens.

Kekulé, August. 1829-96. Benzene ring structure discovered in dream, 1865. Valence bond theory.

Kelvin, Lord. 1824-1907. British engineer/ mathematician. Absolute temperature scale. Thermodynamic theory.

Kerouac, Jack. 1922-69. US Beat novelist. On the Road 1957.

Key, Francis Scott. 1779-1843. US lawyer/poet. Star Spangled Banner 1814 based on music from English drinking song To Anacreon in Heaven. US National anthem 1931-.

Keynes, John Maynard. 1883-1946. British economist. General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1935. Demand is more a function of interest rates than of money supply. Bretton Woods.

Kierkegaard, Sören. 1813-55. Danish founder of Existentialism. Either-Or 1843. Fear and Trembling 1843. Influenced Heidegger. Individual must consciously choose among life’s alternatives.

Kinetic Art. 20C. Works which move, or give the illusion of movement. Calder. Riley.

King, Martin Luther, Jr. 1929-68. US non-violent black Civil Rights activist. Assassinated.

King Cotton. 1850s belief in southern US that cotton would guarantee success of independent Confederacy.

King’s Peace. 387BC. Sparta, Persia, Athens. Corinthian War.

Klebs, Edwin. 1834-1913. Diphtheria bacillus, 1883.

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