Euler, Leonhard. 1707-83. Swiss mathematician. Calculus, optics. Analytic geometry.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Evatt, Herbert. 1894-1965. Australian statesman. Major influence on UN charter.

Evolution. Theory that life evolves from earlier forms. Conflicts with Biblical version of creation. Darwinism.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Fahrenheit, Gabriel. 1686-1736. German physicist, inventor of temperature scale 1712. Alcohol thermometer 1709. Mercury thermometer 1714.

Falla, Manuel de. 1876-1946. Spanish composer influenced by folk music, Debussy. Nights in the Garden of Spain 1916.

Faraday, Michael. 1791-1867. English physicist: electromagnetic induction. Ether effect 1818. Electric motor 1821. Dynamo 1831. Electrolysis 1833. Faraday effect 1845.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Farragut, David. 1801-70. Union Civil War admiral. -“Damn the torpedoes. Full speed ahead!”.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Fates. Three goddesses who determines the birth, life, and death of a man.

Faulkner, William. 1897-1962. American novelist of US south. The Sound and the Fury 1929.

Faust(us). c1540 German necromancer/astrologer who is said to have sold his soul to the devil. Goethe, Marlowe tragedies.

Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Fénelon, François. 1651-1715. French theologian. Quietism 1696. Telemachus 1698.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Festival of Federation. 14 July,1790. Celebration of first anniversary of Storming the Bastille. 300,000 people.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Festus, Sextus. 2C. Roman lexicographer. On the Meaning of Words.

Feudalism. 8-14C. Social system. Lord grants land rights (fiefs) to vassals in return for military or other service. Manorialism. Seignorialism.

Fibonacci, Leonardo. 1170-1240. Pisa mathematician. Book of Abacus 1202. Fibonacci Numbers 1203. Practica Geometrica 1220.

Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

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