Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malthus, Thomas. 1766-1834. English economist, warned population would exceed food supply. Essay on Population 1798.

Mantuan Succession, War. 1628-31. French fight Hapsburgs over Mantua in 30 Years War.

Maori Wars. 1843-7. 1863-4. 1869-70. NZ settlers displace native Maori.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maria Theresa. 1717-80. Hapsburg Empress of Austria-Hungary 1740-. War of Austrian Succession.

Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martí, José. 1853-95. Led Cuban war vs Spain.

Matabele War. 1894-6. Rhodesia natives vs British. Mediated by Rhodes. Ndebele.

Matterhorn. 14,691 ft. First climbed in 1865 by Whymper.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Maximilian I. The Great. 1573-1651. Duke of Bavaria. Founded Catholic League 1609. Thirty Years War.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

McAdoo, William. 1863-1941. Founded US Federal Reserve Board 1913. Raised $18B for war effort.

McKinley, William. 1843-1901. US President 1897-. Spanish American War. Gained Hawaii. Assassinated by anarchist.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

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