Hittites. c2300-1170BC. Asia Minor Empire c1400-. Discovered iron smelting. Hieroglyphics.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Hopkins, Frederick. 1861-1947. English vitamin discoverer.

Huns. Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who invaded Europe in 4-5C. Attila. Defeated at Châlons-sur-Marne, 451.

Imhotep. 27C BC. Egyptian vizier, architect of First (stepped) pyramid.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iran-Iraq War. 1980-90. Iraq seeks oil rich Khuzestan. US supports war on Islamic regime.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Irish Potato Famine. 1845-51. Blight kills crop. 1M die. Emmigration to North America. Resentment of English.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

Izanagi and Izanami. Japanese creation deities.

Jaffna. 14C Tamil kingdom in Sri Lanka. 1617 Portugal. 1656 Dutch. 1796 British.

Java. 3C BC Indian infl. 8C Srivijaya(W). 13C Majapahit. 16C Mataran (Islamic). 1618 Dutch E Ind Co...1799 Dutch. 1811-16 British occupy. 1910 Indonesia. 1942-5 Japan occupies.

Jeans, James. 1877-1946. English astronomer. Dynamic theory of gases.

Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

John Paul II. 1920-. Poland. Authoritarian conservative pope 1978-. Wounded 1981 by Islamic fanatic. Most trips. More canonization than previous popes combined.

Jowett, Benjamin. 1817-93. English scholar. Translated Dialogues of Plato 1871.

Kamikaze. 1281 “Divine Wind”. Typhoon that destroyed Mongol invasion of Japan. 1944- suicide pilots. Okinawa.

Kano School. 15-17C. Family. 7 generations of influential Japanese painters. Moral symbolism.

Karman, Theodore von. 1881-1963. US mathematical aerodynamicist.

Kelvin, Lord. 1824-1907. British engineer/ mathematician. Absolute temperature scale. Thermodynamic theory.

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. 1901-89. Iranian Shi’ite Moslem Fundamentalist leader. Exiled 1963-79. Dictator 1979-. Islamic Revolution.

Koran. (Qur’an.) 615-32. Islamic sacred book of God’s revelations to Muhammad.

Kruger Telegram. 1896. Wilhelm II congratulates Kruger on defeating Jameson Raid, angering British.

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