Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cunaxa, Battle. 401BC. Failed revolt vs Artaxerxes II. Retreat of the Ten Thousand.

Delilah. Old Testament courtesan. Betrayed Samson.

Dharma-sastra. 8C BC. Sanskrit books of Hindu family law.

Donatello. 1386-1466. Florentine sculptor. Gattamelata 1445- first Renaissance equestrian statue. David- 1st Renaissance free-standing nude. St. George 1416.

Dozsa Rebellion. 1514. Unsuccessful revolt of 100,000 Hungarian peasants vs taxes and oppression.

Dunbarton Oaks Conference. 1944. UN organizational meeting. Yalta. San Francisco.

Dupin, Amandine. Wrote as George Sand.

Ehrlich, Paul. 1854-1915. German bacteriologist. Salvarsan syphilis treatment, 1909. Idea of specific drugs as “magic bullets”.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

Eulenspiegel, Till. -1350. German peasant prankster.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Fatima. Portuguese site of pilgrimage since sighting of Virgin Mary by Santos1917.

Fleming, Sir Sandford. 1827-1915. Scottish/Canadian scientist, engineer. CPR. Standard Time zones 1884.

Foster, Stephen. 1826-64. US writer of ballads, minstrel songs. Oh Susanna 1848.

Fromm, Erich. 1900-80. German/US psychoanalyst. Man for Himself 1947. The Sane Society 1955.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

George III. 1738-1820. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-. Supported King’s Friends. Political instability. American Revolution. Insane 1810-.

Georgia. 6C BC Achaemenid. 4C BC Alexander. 65BC Rome. 330 Christian. 4-5C Sassanids, Byzantine dispute. 6C Sass. 7C Moslem. 8C 2 Kingdoms. c1000 United. 1220 Mongol(E). 14C United. 15C Turk/Persian. 1801 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1921 Soviet Republic. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ghibellines. Guelfs.

Golden Gate Bridge. 1937. San Francisco.

Goncalves Dias, Antonio. 1823-64. Romantic “National” poet of Brazil.

Gordius. Mythical Greek peasant king of Phrygia.

Great Fear. 1789. Peasants refuse to pay taxes, prepare for aristocrats’ attack in rural France.

Gros, Antoine. 1771-1835. French painter of Napoleon’s military career.

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