Pretorius, Andries. 1798-1853. Boer leader of Great Trek. Aided in Transvaal independence.

Primitivism. Naive art by primitive peoples, children, or as an adopted style. Rousseau. Grandma Moses.

Pugachov, Yemelyan. 1726-75. Russian. Led peasant rebellion vs serfdom 1773-5, impersonating Peter III.

Pushkin, Aleksandr. 1799-1837. Russian Romantic writer. Russia’s “Shakespeare”: Boris Gudonov 1825. Eugene Onegin 1823/4. Exiled 1821~6.

Pyramus and Thisbe. Legendary Babylonian lovers of Ovid’s Metamorphoses.

Radishchev, Aleksandr. 1749-1802. Liberal Russian writer. Denounced serfdom. Exiled to Siberia.

Ramayana. c300BC. Sanskrit epic poem. Life of Rama.

Raphaël. 1483-1520. Italian High Renaissance classical painter, sculptor, architect. Vatican frescoes 1508-11. Madonnas 1505-7. Sistine Madonna 1513. Julius II.

Recusants. 16-17C. Refused to attend Anglican church.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Regency. England. 1811-20. George, Prince of Wales ruled for insane father, George III.

Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

Renaissance Architecture. Italy 15C-. England 1558-1702. Intellectual search for harmony with Roman and mathematical proportions. Michelangelo. Bramante. Brunelleschi. Manetti.

Renaissance Art. 14-15C. Approaches ideal depiction of nature. Perspective, proportion, sfumato. Florentine. Venetian.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Revivalism. 18,19C. Revival of prior periods of English architecture. Neo-Greek, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Gothic. British Museum.

Rough Riders. 1898. US volunteer cavalry in Spanish American War under Roosevelt. Won San Juan hill.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Sabbah, Hasan-e. Founder of Assassins 1094.

San Francisco. 1769 Portola discovers bay. 1776 Mission founded. 1835 Yuerba Buena cove settled. 1846 US. 1847 = San Francisco. 1906 Earthquake, fire kill 315.

San Francisco, Conference. 1945. Signing of United Nations charter.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

San Ildefonso, Treaty. 1796. France, Spain allied vs England. 1801 Secret exchange: Louisiana to France, Etruria to Spain.

San Jacinto, Battle. 1836. Mexican defeat means Texas indepence. Mexican War.

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