Constantine I. 1868-1923. King of Greece, 1913-17. Refused to support Allies in WWI. Abdicated. Restored 1920-2. Abdicated again.

Continental System. 1806-12. Napoleon’s European embargo vs Britain. Russian refusal led to 1812 Campaign. British retaliation led to Anglo-American War 1812.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Great Fear. 1789. Peasants refuse to pay taxes, prepare for aristocrats’ attack in rural France.

Le Duc Tho. 1911-90. Vietnamese Communist leader, revolutionary. Paris Peace Conference. (Refused)

Nivelle, Jean. 1422-77. Son of John II who refused to march against Burgundy.

Nonjurors. 1689. Clergy refusing to take oath of Allegiance to William and Mary.

Recusants. 16-17C. Refused to attend Anglican church.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Short Parliament. 1640. England. Refused king taxes because of grievances.

Wager of Battle. Trial by Combat. 8C-1817. Norse custom in England. Accused challenges accuser to combat-acquitted if he refuses.

West Virginia. 1863. Region refused to secede with Virginia, forming a new state.

XYZ Affair. 1797. US attack French ships after refusing to bribe ministers. Settled 1800. French Revolutionary Wars.