Pastry War. 1838-9. France blockades Mexico. Wins cook’s 1828 damage claims.

Patriotic Front. 1973-9. Guerillas for black power in Rhodesia. Mugabe. Nkomo.

Pausanius. c143-76. Lydian traveller, guidebook writer. Descriptions of Greece.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Peasants’ Crusade. 1096. Led by Walter the Penniless. Annihilated in Anatolia. Inspired First Crusade.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

Peter the Hermit. 1050-1115. French. Led ill-equipped army in First Crusade.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pindar. c522-443BC. Greek Epicurean lyric poet of odes celebrating athletic victories.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Place de la Concorde. 1775. Paris. Designed by Gabriel 1755. Site of guillotine 1793.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Pleiades. 7 Greek mythological daughters of Atlas, became constellation.

Pluto. Greek underworld king = Hades = Orcus = Pater Dis. Planet discovered by Tombaugh, 1930. Disney dog named after planet, 1931.

Pompeii. Destroyed 79 by Vesuvius eruption. Rediscovered 1592.

Pont Neuf. 1578-1607. Oldest surviving Paris bridge.

Poseidonius. c135-51BC. Greek Stoic philosopher. Explained tides 79BC.

Predestination. Christian doctrine that God has pre-ordained who will be saved. Calvinism.

Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

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